Sunday, 5 April 2015

ANCIENT WATER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS AND FERRY SERVICES


In olden times, the Islanders of Kumbalam depended on small and ordinary canoes for transport to the nearby Islands to meet their relations and friends. The Chola-Chera and Pandya-Chera wars commencing from early centuries and the development of trade and commerce gave a new impetus for the development of faster moving vessels like a swift and fancy vessel, ‘Odi-vanchi’, and snake boats, ‘Chundan Vallom’. These elongated and attractive vessels had a lot of seating capacity for oarsmen heading swiftly to distant places through backwaters. One could hear the sounds of their oars cutting into the silent water. It was amazing to watch them raising the blade of the oars up in air and down into the ‘Kayal’, Lake. Every stroke of the oar struck with such rhythm with a song that accompanied it locally called ‘Vanchipatt’.  Those vessels glided so swiftly through our backwaters by leverage against the water.

 Till the 1850s, these fast moving vessels were used for war to transport ‘Nair’ forces who were experts in ‘Kalari Payattu’, which was a popular martial art. The ‘Desavazhi’ of Oli Mana maintained a number of such vessels for military use. My grandparents used to say that these swift vessels drew envious looks everywhere because these were the same vessels effectively used in the wars against Zamorin of Calicut. The fishermen of this Island used to be the veteran oarsmen of such swift vessels to transport his forces. Guarding the coasts of this Island and the wonderful job of informing the ‘Desavazhi’ about the clandestine movements near the coastal waters were done by these loyal fisher-folk, who were living in tiny miserable huts, which were seen along the western coastal shores of this Island.

The use of these vessels continued during the Chola-Chera wars in the 10th and early 12th century and continued in the wars against Zamorin of Calicut and during the Portuguese and Dutch colonial period. As export and import increased considerably during the Dutch period big vessels like ‘Kettu-vallom’ were introduced for transport of goods.

The British colonialists introduced motor boats for patrolling this strategically important area and they too maintained a military base camp in Oli ‘Kayaloram’, coastal shore. The motor boats substituted the snake-boats, ‘Chundan-Vallom’, and the fancy and swift vessels ‘Odi-Vanchi’. Gradually the ‘Desavazhi’ too discarded all these swift vessels.

As population increased; it boosted the cconomic activities too. More and more people started getting employment and therefore proportionate transport facilities also enhanced considerably. Regular canoe services were introduced at the Kumbalam–Edacochi ferry, Kumbalam-Nettoor ferry, Kumbalam-Panangad ferry and Kumbalam-Thevara ferry, to service the commuters. I recall Narayanan, Madhavan, Vasu, Bahuleyan, Lonan, Paramu, Karunan and Raghavan; and the younger generation, Dinesan, Unni, Sasi, and Lalu were the ferry-men at the Kumbalam-Thevara ferry. I remember Asokan Vadakkechira, a young freelancer, used to ferry me across in his tiny canoe, whenever I went early in the morning for ceremonial parades at Durbar Hall at Ernakulam. Narayanan Mattamparambu and his collegues, Janardhanan, Vasu and Gopalan were available at Kumbalam-Edakochi ferry. Devassy, Chavaro, Bhaskaran Mannathara and Purushan at Kumbalam-Nettoor ferry were the veteran oarsmen. They would begin their task of transporting the commuters from the early hours of the morning until late at night. Earlier, the commuters from our neighbouring islands like Panangad, Cheppanam, and Chathamma depended on the Kumbalam ferry services for their transport to the urban areas in the vicinity like Ernakulam, Mattancherry, Naval Base and the Cochin Port Trust at Willington Island, and to Alleppy side. Most of the students and other commuters had to walk long distances and cross ferries to reach their destinations in the town and suburbs. Indirectly this gave them an opportunity to mingle and interact with not only people but also with their natural environments which are now fast being replaced by concrete jungles. 


The oarsmen were very vigilant and they took reasonable care to provide a safe journey to the commuters. There was only one unfortunate episode that I remember, where a young lady, T.D. Mary Thayamkeril (East) drowned when an overloaded canoe overturned at Kumbalam ferry.  

Excerpts from

MEMOIRS

An autobiography
by
Joseph J. Thayamkeril
Lawyer, Kochi, Kerala, India.
josephjthayamkeril.blogspot.com
josephjthayamkeril@gmail.com

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